Susceptibility to Hyperglycemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are susceptible to hyperglycemia. AIM: To study the prevalence of pre-diabetes in CKD patients and determine the contribution of insulin resistance (IR) versus beta-cell dysfunction in patients with CKD. METHODS: 45 consecutive nondiabetic CKD patients and 40 healthy subjects were included. Patients were divided into a normoglycemic (NG) and a pre-diabetic (PDM) group. IR was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function was assessed by proinsulin/insulin ratio and beta-cell%. RESULTS: The prevalence of PDM was 40%. The prevalence of high HOMA-IR was 22.2 and 77.8% in the NG and PDM groups. Compared to NG patients, the PDM group showed higher fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin, and proinsulin, while the prevalence of beta-cell dysfunction of 22.2% was lower than the 37% present in the NG group. CONCLUSION: Increased IR, rather than beta-cell dysfunction, is the primary mechanism of PDM in CKD patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".