ROLE OF VISCOSITY ON TRAJECTORY OF LIQUID JETS IN A CROSS-AIRFLOW
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of liquid viscosity on the penetration and trajectory of a jet in a low subsonic cross-airflow was investigated experimentally. An open-loop wind tunnel was used to generate an airstream in a square cross-sectional test section. Liquid was injected downward through a nozzle that was flush with the top inner surface of the test section. A wide range of experimental conditions was achieved by varying the nozzle diameter, momentum flux ratio, and liquid viscosity. The study revealed that viscosity has distinct effects on the initial part of the liquid column and in the jet's far-field stream. It was shown that far from the nozzle exit, the jet's penetration increased initially as the liquid viscosity increased, but a further increase in viscosity reduced the penetration. On the other hand, close to the nozzle exit, although the effect of liquid viscosity was not obvious, it was generally observed that with the exception of the highest viscosity employed here, the jet's penetration decreased as the viscosity increased. An empirical jet trajectory correlation was proposed to account for the combined effects of viscosity, momentum flux ratio, and nozzle diameter.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it