MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W2027329131 · doi:10.1353/can.2008.0013

Constructing the 'Great Menace': Canadian Labour's Opposition to Asian Immigration, 1880–1914

2007· article· en· W2027329131 on OpenAlexvenueaboutno aff
David Goutor

Bibliographic record

VenueCanadian Historical Review · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCanadian Identity and History
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsOpposition (politics)ImmigrationPolitical sciencePolitical economyDevelopment economicsEconomicsLawPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Canadian labour's agitation against Asian immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries has received a considerable amount of scholarly attention. Many historians have highlighted labour's concerns about Asian competition in the labour market, while others have explored the pervasiveness of anti-Asian racism in most segments of Canadian, and especially British Columbian, society. But these factors – while important – do not sufficiently explain labour's antipathy to Asians. They particularly fail to account for the unity against Asian immigration between unionists in different regions, the influence of campaigns for exclusion in other countries, and the class content of labour's anti-Asian rhetoric. Another under-explored issue is whether unionists approached Asians in the same way as other immigrants, minorities, and oppressed groups. Drawing on the growing literature on racialization, and focusing primarily on the 1880s, when labour's views on Asian immigration became well established, this article shows how Asians were set apart from any groups with whom labour might have sympathy or common cause. Asians were associated with oppressive forces, particularly of the emerging industrial capitalist system. This association can be seen in many of labour's stereotypes of Asians as industrial slaves, ruthless competitors in the economy, and threats to white women. These stereotypes also set Asians up as polar opposites to the basic class, race, and gender identity that labour leaders sought to foster. L'agitation parmi les travailleurs canadiens devant l'immigration asiatique à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècles a fait l'objet de maintes études. De nombreux historiens ont fait ressortir les inquiétudes qúavait ressenties la main-d'oeuvre canadienne devant la perspective de la concurrence asiatique sur le marché du travail, tandis que d'autres ont examiné l'étendue du racisme anti-asiatique dans la majorité des segments de la société canadienne, tout particulièrement en Colombie- Britannique. Bien qu'ils soient importants, ces facteurs ne suffisent pas, cependant, á expliquer l'aversion de la main-d'oeuvre canadienne pour les Asiatiques. En particulier, il n'est pas tenu compte, dans ces explications, de la solidarité qui a uni les syndicats de diverses régions dans leur opposition à l'immigration asiatique, ni de l'influence des campagnes d'exclusion des Asiatiques qui ont été menées dans d'autres pays, ni du contenu du discours anti-asiatique de la main-d'oeuvre canadienne. On a également rarement examiné si les syndicats avaient eu le même type d'échanges avec les Asiatiques qu'ils ont eus avec les immigrants d'autres origines, les minorités ou les groupes opprimés. À partir de la littérature de plus en plus abondante sur la question de la racialisation et en se concentrant essentiellement sur les années 1880, époque où le point de vue de la main-d'oeuvre concernant l'immigration asiatique s'est implanté, cet article illustre de quelle manière les Asiatiques ont été tenus à l'écart par rapport à tous les autres groupes avec lesquels la main-d'oeuvre aurait pu partager des affinite´s ou une cause commune. En effet, les Asiatiques ont été associés à des forces d'oppression et, tout particulièrement, au système industriel capitaliste émergent. Cette association se reconnaît à nombre de stéréotypes des Asiatiques, considérés comme esclaves industriels, concurrents économiques impitoyables, et comme une menace pour les femmes blanches. Ces stéréotypes ont placé les Asiatiques aux antipodes de la classe, de la race et de la politique des sexes que les dirigeants de la main-d'oeuvre s'efforçaient de favoriser.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.432
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0030.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.255
Teacher spread0.238 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations13
Published2007
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueCanadian Historical ReviewSame topicCanadian Identity and HistoryFrench-language works237,207