Excess electrons in aqueous glasses and crystalline ice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experimental studies of excess electrons in aqueous glasses and crystalline ice are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on studies of the two main optical absorption bands, the well known visible band, which is similar to that of the solvated electron in water, and the IR band which has λ max [Formula: see text] 2950 nm. Under some circumstances partial conversion of the IR-absorbing species to the visible-absorbing species has been observed. Evidence indicates that the two species are due to electrons trapped in distinctly different physical environments. Two mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of the visible-absorbing electron in crystalline ice, one involving naturally occurring vacancies and the other radiation produced vacancies. Studies of the UV and visible luminescence emitted when ice at low temperature is irradiated are summarized, and the mechanisms suggested for its production are discussed briefly. The studies on excess electrons in aqueous solids seem to the authors to be highly relevant to the more recent studies of electron solvation in water which are done on a much shorter time-scale. These latter studies are reviewed briefly with the aim of elucidating the relevance.Key words: visible-absorbing electrons, IR-absorbing electrons, irradiation of aqueous glasses, irradiation of crystalline ice, electron solvation in water.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".