Total Loss of Femoral Head and Acetabulum in Rapidly Destructive Hip Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The antibiotic nitrofurantoin is transported against an electrochemical gradient into milk.A monolayer of CIT3 cells, a subline of the Comma 1D normal mouse mammary epithelial cell line, transports [14C]-nitrofurantoin against a concentration gradient from the basal to the apical solution when grown on membrane filters. In a side-by-side diffusion chamber with well-stirred solutions on both sides, the transfer rate is 50% higher in the basal-to-apical than in the apical-to-basal direction. Nonlabeled nitrofurantoin (500 μM) in the basal chamber equalized the transport in both directions, suggesting that a specific transporter is responsible for the basal-to-apical increment in flux. From inhibition studies, the apparent affinity of this transporter for nitrofurantoin is 50 μM. Changes in pH between 6.4 and 7.8 had no effect on the active transport component of the flux but did affect the passive flux component. Passive flux of the nonionized molecule was 2.6 times faster than that of the ionized molecule, but the ionized molecule did appear to cross the membrane passively. Our findings show that nitrofurantoin is actively transported across a mammary epithelial cell monolayer by a transporter whose affinity for nitrofurantoin does not depend on the anionic charge on nitrofurantoin. The pH dependence of a parallel passive pathway suggests that both nonionized and ionized forms of nitrofurantoin cross the membranes of the mammary epithelial cell by passive diffusion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".