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Record W2027446215 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.v66i1.1208

Safety and Effectiveness of Dexmedetomidine in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (SAD–PICU)

2013· article· en· W2027446215 on OpenAlexaffvenue
Laura Carney, Jennifer Kendrick, Roxane Carr

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2013
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicAnesthesia and Sedative Agents
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British ColumbiaChildren's & Women's Health Centre of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDexmedetomidineMedicineSedationAdverse effectAnesthesiaPediatric intensive care unitBradycardiaIntensive care unitSedativeMechanical ventilationRetrospective cohort studyPediatricsIntensive care medicineHeart rateSurgeryInternal medicine

Abstract

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Background: Critically ill children require sedation for comfort and to facilitate mechanical ventilation and interventions. Dexmedetomidine is a newer sedative with little safety data in pediatrics, particularly for therapy lasting longer than 48 h.Objective: To quantify the frequency of adverse events and withdrawal syndromes associated with dexmedetomidine and to describe the use of this drug for continuous sedation in critically ill children.Methods: In this retrospective study of patients who received dexmedetomidine for sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit, adverse events were assessed with the Naranjo scale to determine the likelihood of association with dexmedetomidine. Interventions in response to adverse events were also recorded.Results: One hundred and forty-four patients (median age 34 months, range 0 – 17.7 years) who underwent a total of 153 treatment courses were included. The mean infusion rate of dexmedetomidine was 0.42 μg/kg per hour (standard deviation 0.17 μg/kg per hour, range 0.05–2 μg/kg per hour). The median duration of therapy was 20.50 h (range 0.75–854.75 h), and 70 infusions (46%) lasted more than 24 h. At least one adverse event was observed in 115 (75%) of the treatment courses. Hypotension (81 [53%]) and bradycardia (38 [25%]) were the most common adverse events and were deemed “probably” attributable to dexmedetomidine in 17 (11%) and 9 (6%) of the treatment courses, respectively. In 55 of the 66 treatment courses with infusions lasting longer than 24 h for which post-infusion data were available, at least one withdrawal symptom was observed; agitation (41 [62%]) and hypertension (22 [33%]) were the most common withdrawal symptoms.Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine was commonly administered for longer than 24 h in the authors’ institution. Dexmedetomidine was generally well tolerated; however, the majority of patients experienced withdrawal symptoms. Patients receiving dexmedetomidine for more than 24 h should be monitored for withdrawal following discontinuation, and interventions should be provided if needed. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to characterize the safety of long-term dexmedetomidine therapy in critically ill children.RÉSUMÉContexte : Les enfants gravement malades ont besoin de sédation pour les soulager et faciliter la ventilation artificielle ainsi que les interventions. La dexmédétomidine est un sédatif récent pour lequel il existe peu de données sur l’innocuité de son emploi chez les enfants, particulièrement pour un traitement de plus de 48 h.Objectif : Quantifier la fréquence des effets indésirables et des syndromes de sevrage associés à la dexmédétomidine et décrire l’emploi de ce médicament pour la sédation continue chez les enfants gravement malades.Méthodes : Dans le cadre de cette étude rétrospective menée chez des patients ayant reçu de la dexmédétomidine pour la sédation dans une unité de soins intensifs pédiatriques, on a évalué les effets indésirables au moyen du score de Naranjo afin de déterminer dans quelle mesure leur survenue était associée à l’emploi de la dexmédétomidine. On a également noté les interventions en réponse à un effet indésirable.Résultats : En tout, 144 patients (âge médian de 34 mois; étendue de 0 à 17,7 ans) ayant subi un total de 153 traitements ont été inclus dans cette étude. La vitesse de perfusion moyenne de la dexmédétomidine était de 0,42 μg/kg par heure (écart type de 0,17 μg/kg par heure, étendue de 0,05 à 2 μg/kg par heure). La durée médiane du traitement était de 20,50 h (étendue de 0,75 à 854,75 h) et 70 perfusions (46 %) ont duré plus de 24 h. Au moins un effet indésirable a été observé dans 115 (75 %) des traitements. L’hypotension (81 [53 %]) et la bradycardie (38 [25 %]) étaient les effets indésirables les plus fréquents et considérées comme étant « probablement » attribuables à la dexmédétomidine respectivement dans 17 (11 %) et 9 (6 %) des traitements. Dans 55 des 66 traitements dont les perfusions ont duré plus de 24 h et pour lesquels on disposait de données post-perfusion, au moins un symptôme de sevrage a été observé; l’agitation (41 [62 %]) et l’hypertension (22 [33 %]) étaient les symptômes de sevrage les plus courants.Conclusions : La dexmédétomidine est couramment administrée pour des périodes de plus de 24 h à l’établissement des auteurs. Elle est généralement bien tolérée; cependant, la majorité des patients éprouvent des symptômes de sevrage. L’administration de dexmédétomidine pendant plus de 24 h commande la surveillance des symptômes de sevrage après l’arrêt du traitement et les mesures appropriées doivent être prises au besoin. Des études prospectives comparatives sont nécessaires pour caractériser l’innocuité à long terme de la dexmédétomidine chez les enfants gravement malades.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.009
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.284
Teacher spread0.265 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations56
Published2013
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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