Bibliographic record
Abstract
Proposals for an east–west railway linking existing railways across central London have been examined on many occasions over the last 100 years, culminating in the present CrossRail scheme, recommended by the Central London Rail Study in 1989. 1 CrossRail, linking counties east and west of London with the City and the West End, will be operated by suburban trains up to twelve cars in length carrying a quarter of a million passengers a day. Twin tunnels will be built beneath central London from west of Paddington to Bethnal Green with five new subsurface stations at key locations. Outside of London, trains will run mainly on existing lines to Reading, Aylesbury and Shenfield with new and extended platforms where required. This first paper outlines the scope of the project, the historical background, initial engineering feasibility work and preparation for the Parliamentary Private Bill.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.013 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.034 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".