Cooperative communication system with systematic Raptor codes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Implementing rateless codes in cooperative scheme has attracted a lot of interest recently. It is an efficient and flexible solution for many practical communication areas, such as Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB). In this paper, we propose a relay scheme using systematic Raptor code which is standardized in 3GPP. The advantage of systematic over non-systematic Raptor code is that when there is no packet lost in the transmission, there is no need for decoding. To improve the performance, Reed-Solomon (RS) code is concatenated as an inner code. Every two Raptor symbols to which a 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) are appended will be encoded into one RS codeword. Additionally, we develop ways of optimizing the system with channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter, including adaptive RS coding rates and adaptive cooperation of relay. It is shown from the simulation results that besides the inherent advantage of systematic coding, this scheme has a noticeable efficiency gain over the system without relay.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".