SOFT XRAY INSPECTION OF WHEAT KERNELS INFESTED BY SITOPHILUS ORYZAE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential of a soft Xray method (15 kV and 65 .A) to detect internal seed infestations by the rice weevil(Sitophilus oryzae) in Canada Western Red Spring wheat was determined in this study. The infested kernels were identifiedby the presence of egg plugs and were scanned with a realtime fluoroscope every 5 to 7 d until the adults emerged from thekernels. A total of 57 features using histogram groups, textural features, and histogram and shape moments were extractedfrom the Xray images of the wheat kernels. Parametric and nonparametric classifiers, and a 4layer back propagationneural network classifier were used to identify uninfested and infested wheat kernels using histogram and textural featuresindependently, and using all 57 features together. There was no significant difference between the classifiers for theidentification of uninfested and infested wheat kernels. More than 95% of uninfested kernels and kernels infested by larvalstages were correctly identified by all the classifiers. Wheat kernels infested by pupaeadults and insectdamaged kernelswere identified with more than 99% accuracy by the classifiers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".