Subsurface Nitrate–N Leaching Loss as Affected by Drainage Size and Depth in a Shallow Slowly–Permeable Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subsurface drainage discharge nitrate–N (NO3–N) losses were evaluated under corn during a three year period under three replicated drainage systems: i) 100 mm diameter drainage tile at 80 cm depth; ii) 50 mm diameter drainage tile at 80 cm depth and iii) 50 mm diameter drainage tile at 50 cm depth. Each drainage system had 12 m spacings between laterals. The field under investigation possessed shallow, imperfectly–to–poorly drained soils. Throughout the investigation average NO3–N concentrations in the drainage outflow were similar for all three systems ranging from 9.6–11.4 mg L−1. Total drainage discharge was significantly lower for the shallow (50 cm) system compared to the two deeper (80 cm) systems. Therefore, significant differences in total NO3–N loss between the shallow (50 cm) and deep (80 cm) systems were observed with shallow systems providing reduced NO3–N losses. Corn yields were significantly lower in the shallow (50 cm) drainage treatment in only one year. Shallow drainage may have many economical and environmental benefits and require further research to evaluate its potential under various soil types.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".