<title>In-vitro measurements of light transmission parallel and perpendicular to the collagen orientation in tendons</title>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Collimated light transmission studies of bovine tendon have been carried out to show the collagen waveguide effect. A monochromator/lamp apparatus was used to irradiate tissue samples and the transmitted light intensity was measured parallel and perpendicular to the collagen fiber orientation. The intensity parallel to the collagen fibers was at least twice that seen with perpendicular propagation. This indicates there is less scattering parallel to the fibers and light waveguiding is present for photon scattering. Also, absorption of light due to hemoglobin around 550 nm and due to water at 980nm was more prominent for parallel than perpendicular propagation. The light may travel either through the collagen fibril or fiber bundles or through the interstitial matrix. Sequential tests during tissue dehydration were performed and it was found that the transmitted light intensity increased with dehydration. This suggest that light may not be traveling through the interstitial matrix where water is the major component. Water may be acting as a reflection boundary for the light that is passing through the fibril or fiber bundles. Collagen waveguiding may be utilized to elucidate the collagen structure. Also, tissue water content could be measured from the transmission profiles. These may be of use in diagnosis and repair of connective tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".