Separation of hemoglobin variants with similar charge by capillary isoelectric focusing: Value of isoelectric point for identification of common and uncommon hemoglobin variants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clinical assays for the primary evaluation of congenital hemoglobin (Hb) disorders must detect and identify a variety of Hb variants. We analyzed hemolysates containing Hb variants with similar charge to evaluate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of automated capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). Peak separation was observed for each variant in samples containing Hb S, D, and G. The calculated isoelectric points (pI) of these variants were significantly different such that each could be identified in a single run with pI as the sole criterion of identification. The pI of Hb C was significantly different from that of Hb E, C-Harlem, and O-Arab. Hb E, C-Harlem, and O-Arab had similar pI and were not readily differentiated. Hb Koln, M-Saskatoon, Aida, and S/Aida hybrid were readily separated from common Hb variants and detected by CIEF. We conclude that CIEF exhibits both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and that pI is an objective and specific criterion of Hb variant identification.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".