Measured performance of hybrid small-gap in-vacuum undulator 08ID-1 at the CLS intermediate energy storage ring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent development of undulator in-vacuum technology has allowed intermediate energy storage rings, such the Canadian Light Source (CLS), to build high brilliance protein crystallography beamlines. The Canadian Macromolecular Crystallography Facility (CMCF) beamline 08ID-1 is the first small period (20 mm) hybrid small-gap in-vacuum undulator (SGU) to be employed at the CLS as a source of high harmonic, high brightness radiation (6.5 – 18 keV). The SGU was assembled and shimmed at the CLS Magnetic Mapping Facility. It is installed in the upstream part of straight section 8 of the CLS ring and chicaned inboard by 0.75 mrad. The downstream half of this section is reserved for future development. To achieve a maximum undulator field (B 0 ) in conjunction with low sensitivity to radiation damage, a hybrid layout for the undulator is used with Sm 2 Co 17 permanent magnets sandwiched between Vanadium Permendur ferromagnetic poles. To date, operations in the 6.5 – 18 keV energy range have been achieved using the 3rd to 9th harmonics, with gap sizes of 5.9 – 8.6 mm. Gaps smaller than 5.9 mm are not being used since in the 5.0 – 5.9 mm range the rms phase errors are larger than 2.5° and lower harmonics at larger gaps are being used instead. The goal of the present study is to measure the output spectrum for various gap sizes and compare these with theoretical expectations calculated from the magnetic characteristics of the undulator measured at the CLS Magnetic Mapping Facility. The 08ID-1 beamline now has several years of successful operation as a highly competitive, high brilliance beamline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".