A temporal perspective on population structure and gene flow in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studying population structure and gene flow patterns on temporal scales facilitates an evaluation of the consequences of demographic, physical, and environmental changes on the stability and persistence of populations. Here, we examine temporal genetic variation within and among Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) rivers in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, using samples collected over a period of six decades (1951–2004). Our objective was to evaluate temporal changes in population connectivity associated with the closure of a commercial marine fishery. Despite demographic instability, we find that population structure remained temporally stable over more than 50 years. However, age structure can affect results when not taken into consideration, particularly in populations of large effective size where genetic drift is not strong. Where weak signals of genetic differentiation did not complicate analyses, contemporary migration was often asymmetric, yet low, suggesting patterns of intermittent gene flow. Nevertheless, we find some links between changes in population dynamics and contemporary gene flow. These findings may therefore imply that management decisions impacting the contemporary population dynamics of individual Atlantic salmon rivers can also affect the genetic stability of this species as a whole.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".