Adult Spinal Cord Stem/Progenitor Cells Transplanted as Neurospheres Preferentially Differentiate into Oligodendrocytes in the Adult Rat Spinal Cord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) capable of generating new neurons and glia reside in the adult mammalian spinal cord. Transplantation of NSPCs has therapeutic potential for spinal cord injury, although there is limited information on the ability of these cells to survive and differentiate in vivo. Neurospheres cultured from the periventricular region of the adult spinal cord contain NSPCs that are self-renewing and multipotent. We examined the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of adult spinal cord NSPCs generated from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic rats and transplanted into the intact spinal cord. The grafted GFP-expressing cells survived for at least 6 weeks in vivo and migrated from the injection site along the rostro-caudal axis of the spinal cord. Transplanted cells transiently proliferated following transplantation and approximately 17% of the GFP-positive cells were apoptotic at 1 day. Also, better survival was seen with NSPCs transplanted as neurospheres in comparison to NSPCs transplanted as dissociated cells. By 1 week posttransplantation, grafted cells primarily expressed an oligodendrocytic phenotype and only 2% differentiated into astrocytes. Approximately 75% versus 38% of the grafted cells differentiated into oligodendrocytes after transplantation into spinal white versus gray matter, respectively. This is the first report to examine the time course of cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, and phenotypic differentiation of transplanted NSPSs in the spinal cord. This is also the first report to examine the differences between transplanted NSPCs grafted as neurospheres or dissociated cells, and to compare the differentiation potential after transplantation into spinal cord white versus gray matter.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".