Expression of hepatitis C virus-derived core or NS3 antigens in human dendritic cells leads to induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and normal T-cell stimulation capabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The majority of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals become chronically infected, which can result in liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with chronic HCV are unable to prime and maintain vigorous T-cell responses, which are required to rid the body of the viral infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells that probably play a dominant role in priming and maintaining vigorous T-cell responses in HCV infection. Furthermore, inefficient DC function may play an important role in HCV chronicity. In order to determine the effect of HCV NS3 and core proteins on phenotype and function of human DCs, recombinant adenoviral vectors containing NS3 or core genes were used to infect human DCs. HCV NS3- or core-protein expression in DCs was confirmed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The DCs expressing HCV NS3 or core proteins expressed several inflammatory cytokine mRNAs, had a normal phenotype and effectively stimulated allogeneic T cells, as well as T cells specific for another foreign antigen (tetanus toxoid). These findings are important for rational design of cellular-vaccine approaches for the immunotherapy of chronic HCV.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".