Monte Carlo simulation of electron scattering and secondary electron emission in individual multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A discrete-energy-loss approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electron scattering in and secondary electron emission from multiwalled carbon nanotubes are investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. The method treats energy loss in a discrete manner, resulting from individual scattering events, rather than within a continuous-slowing-down approximation. Simulation results agree fairly well with the reported experimental data. The effect of number of nanotube walls is investigated and the energy distribution of the transmitted electrons is calculated. It is found that secondary electron yield in the low-primary-energy range is more sensitive to the number of walls and is maximized for a particular number of walls. The effect is not significant in the higher-primary-energy range. The effect of core electron ionization on secondary electron emission from nanotubes is found to be negligible because of the low scattering cross-section involved. The presented framework can also be applied to other small structures such as nanowires.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".