Extended Eliassen‐Palm fluxes associated with the Madden‐Julian oscillation in the stratosphere
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Links are sought between Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO)–related variations in the troposphere and stratospheric circulation. Tropospheric variations of equatorial MJO‐filtered 200 hPa zonal winds define indices of MJO activity for two equatorial regions in the Indian and western Pacific oceans. These indices are used to define composite means of MJO‐filtered Extended Eliassen‐Palm (E‐P) fluxes for eight height levels from the upper troposphere well into the stratosphere. Evidence is presented for significant and coherent MJO departures throughout the lower stratosphere. Significant departures of the vertical component of E‐P flux flow into the lower stratosphere both in the tropics and at higher latitudes, especially over Canada. These are accompanied by horizontal flux departures in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from the central tropical Pacific into northern Canada. In this region, there is a divergence of Extended E‐P flux, piling up wave energy leading to the observed increased cyclonic motion. Evidence supports the hypothesis that these high‐latitude circulation variations in the stratosphere are due to a combination of two quite distinct mechanisms. In the first, poleward propagation occurs in the upper troposphere with vertical propagation at higher latitudes. In the second, upward propagation occurs in low latitudes into the lower stratosphere. This is followed by poleward propagation into higher latitudes and then farther upward propagation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".