AMPK β1 Deletion Reduces Appetite, Preventing Obesity and Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an αβγ heterotrimer that regulates appetite and fuel metabolism. We have generated AMPK β1−/− mice on a C57Bl/6 background that are viable, fertile, survived greater than 2 years, and display no visible brain developmental defects. These mice have a 90% reduction in hepatic AMPK activity due to loss of the catalytic α subunits, with modest reductions of activity detected in the hypothalamus and white adipose tissue and no change in skeletal muscle or heart. On a low fat or an obesity-inducing high fat diet, β1−/− mice had reduced food intake, reduced adiposity, and reduced total body mass. Metabolic rate, physical activity, adipose tissue lipolysis, and lipogenesis were similar to wild type littermates. The reduced appetite and body mass of β1−/− mice were associated with protection from high fat diet-induced hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. We demonstrate that the loss of β1 reduces food intake and protects against the deleterious effects of an obesity-inducing diet. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an αβγ heterotrimer that regulates appetite and fuel metabolism. We have generated AMPK β1−/− mice on a C57Bl/6 background that are viable, fertile, survived greater than 2 years, and display no visible brain developmental defects. These mice have a 90% reduction in hepatic AMPK activity due to loss of the catalytic α subunits, with modest reductions of activity detected in the hypothalamus and white adipose tissue and no change in skeletal muscle or heart. On a low fat or an obesity-inducing high fat diet, β1−/− mice had reduced food intake, reduced adiposity, and reduced total body mass. Metabolic rate, physical activity, adipose tissue lipolysis, and lipogenesis were similar to wild type littermates. The reduced appetite and body mass of β1−/− mice were associated with protection from high fat diet-induced hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. We demonstrate that the loss of β1 reduces food intake and protects against the deleterious effects of an obesity-inducing diet.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".