The conversion of agricultural land in the peri-urban areas of Hanoi (Vietnam): patterns in space and time
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rapid urbanization is accelerating the loss of agricultural land in Hanoi (Vietnam), raising concerns about food provision for inner citizens and livelihoods of peri-urban farmers. Understanding how this loss is linked with urban expansion is important to predict impacts of urbanization on peri-urban agriculture. In this paper, we examine the conversion of agricultural land to built-up land in Hanoi by using Landsat images (1993, 2000 and 2007). About one-third of the agricultural land was converted to built-up areas. Agricultural patches tend to be more fragmented and to have irregular shapes. Areal loss, fragmentation and edge irregularity of agricultural land appear to be related to the change from rural status into urban status. Such tendencies of the conversion correspond to urban growth patterns in Hanoi (infill, expansion and linear branches). This study calls for immediate measures to protect agricultural land and accelerate the creation of the green belt in Hanoi.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".