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Record W2028590968 · doi:10.1002/eqe.447

Seismic retrofit of George Massey Tunnel

2005· article· en· W2028590968 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueEarthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics · 2005
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEngineering
TopicGeotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures
Canadian institutionsBuckland & Taylor (Canada)
FundersUniversity of British ColumbiaUniversity of Toronto
KeywordsGeotechnical engineeringConsolidation (business)LiquefactionCentrifugePrecast concreteGeologySeismic retrofitEngineeringCivil engineeringStructural engineeringReinforced concrete

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract The 629 m long immersed George Massey Tunnel passes under the south arm of the Fraser River near Vancouver, British Columbia. The tunnel was completed in 1959. Based on current seismic design standards, the precast concrete structure is grossly under‐reinforced in the longitudinal direction. Buckland & Taylor Ltd was retained by the Ministry of Transportation of British Columbia to conduct a seismic assessment and final design for the seismic safety retrofit of the tunnel. A number of vulnerabilities were identified including soil liquefaction in the loose jetted sand and native deposits underneath the tunnel, resulting in tunnel flotation, large differential lateral displacements, and post‐liquefaction consolidation settlements, subsequently imposing large tensile and compressive forces in the weak tunnel joints. The situation of cracking and water leakage potentially creates a life hazard in the event of a major earthquake. During the final design, detailed non‐linear dynamic geotechnical analyses were conducted to study the effects of soil liquefaction and to evaluate ground improvement measures. Detailed structural analyses were also conducted considering different proposed retrofit schemes to enable the tunnel section to handle the soil displacement demands. Centrifuge model testing was used to calibrate and verify the liquefaction characteristics predicted by the numerical models and the proposed densification and gravel drainage techniques. Field testing of gravel drains was performed to collect data on the performance of different types of gravel drains. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.280
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.003
GPT teacher head0.177
Teacher spread0.173 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it