Mixing with multiple circular turbulent jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a laboratory study investigating chemical mixing in an open channel with multiple circular turbulent jets. The experiments were carried out for a, which is the ratio of the velocity of the jets to that of the crossflow, varying from 8 to 16, with a combination of coflowing and crossflowing jets and only crossflowing jets. The number of ports for the jets was varied for 20 to 36 and the spacing between the ports was varied from 12d to 24d where d is the diameter of the ports. Concentration measurements covered the relative distance x/d=2000, where x is the longitudinal distance from the diffuser. The dimensionless mixing distance cum/d at which the standard deviation of the concentration field reached a value of 5% was equal to 25000 where xm is the mixing distance. The results indicate that a diffuser with turbulent crossflowing jets could be an alternative to mechanical methods for achieving mixing of chemicals in open channels in water treatment plants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".