Hemocompatible, pulsed laser deposited coatings on polymers / Anwendung der Pulslaserbeschichtung zur Abscheidung von hämokompatiblen Beschichtungen auf Polymeroberflächen
Bibliographic record
Abstract
State-of-the-art non-thrombogenic blood contacting surfaces are based on heparin and struggle with the problem of bleeding. However, appropriate blood flow characteristics are essential for clinical application. Thus, there is increasing demand to develop new coating materials for improved human body acceptance. Materials deposited by vacuum coating techniques would be an excellent alternative if the coating temperatures can be kept low because of the applied substrate materials of low temperature resistance (polymers). Most of the recently used plasma-based deposition techniques cannot fulfill this demand. However, adequate film structure and high adhesion can be reached by the pulsed laser deposition at room temperature, which was developed to an industrial-scaled process at Laser Center Leoben. Here, this process is described in detail and the resulting structural film properties are shown for titanium, titanium nitride, titanium carbonitride, and diamond-like carbon on polyurethane, titanium and silicon substrates. Additionally, we present the biological response of blood cells and the kinetic mechanism of eukaryote cell attachment. In conclusion, high biological acceptance and distinct differences for the critical delamination shear stress were found for the coatings, indicating higher adhesion at higher carbon contents. Zusammenfassung Derzeit verwendete Oberflächen für den Blutkontakt basieren im Allgemeinen auf Heparin, wobei es in der klinischen Verwendung leicht zum Problem von Blutungen kommen kann. Nichtsdestotrotz ist aber ein optimaler Blutfluss entscheidend, wodurch sich zunehmend die Forderung nach der Entwicklung von neuen Materialien mit verbesserter Körperakzeptanz stellt. Mittels Plasmaverfahren auf Oberflächen abgeschiedene Werkstoffe könnten zukünftig eine Alternative zu Heparin bieten, wenn die Temperaturen während des Herstellprozesses auf nahezu Raumtemperatur abgesenkt werden könnten, um vor allem die vielfach verwendeten Kunststoffe mit geringer Temperaturbeständigkeit beschichten zu können. Als eine der wenigen Techniken bietet sich dafür die Pulslaserabscheidung (PLD) an, welche zu einem industriell einsetzbaren Prozess am Laserzentrum Leoben entwickelt wurde. Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Hauptmerkmale dieses Prozesses und die sich ergebenden strukturellen Filmeigenschaften von Ti, TiN, Ti(C,N) und diamantähnlichem Kohlenstoff (DLC) auf Polyurethan-, Titan- und Siliziumoberflächen. Zudem werden die biologische Antwort von Blutzellen und die kinetischen Haftungsmechanismen von Eukaryotzellen dargestellt. Zusammengefasst zeigen diese Schichtwerkstoffe hohe biologische Akzeptanz und deutliche Unterschiede in den kritischen Scherspannungen zur Delamination, wobei eine höhere Zelladhäsion bei höheren Kohlenstoffgehalten erreicht wird.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".