Gas/Particle Partition Measurements of PAH at Hazelrigg, U.K.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During September and October, 1998, the new Integrated Organic Gas and Particle Sampler (IOGAPS), was operated at Hazelrigg, UK, the field measurement station of the University of Lancaster. Gas/particle partition ratios of twenty-two 2–5 ring PAH were determined using both the IOGAPS (in which the gas phase is collected before the particle phase) and a low flow sampler which utilized the traditional filter-sorbent geometry. For compounds of intermediate volatility, less partitioning to the gas phase was observed when the denuder was used. The denuder (8- channel, 60 cm, 16.7 L min−1 air sampling rate) trapped small amounts of several non-volatile PAH. This result is consistent with particle diffusion losses of 5 to 10% for particles less than 0.05 μm under the flow conditions in the denuder. The 60-cm denuder was probably longer than necessary for the flow rate used. During the sampling, both glass fiber and Teflon-coated glass fiber filters were used. Without a denuder in front of a glass fiber filter, the fine particulate mass (PM 2.5) measurements showed a major positive bias that has been attributed to adsorption of gases by the filter. Teflon-coated glass fiber filters were not subject to this artifact problem, and equal masses were collected on filters from the denuded and non-denuded air flows.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".