Field Assessment of Female Mating Success Based on the Presence—Absence of Spermatophore: a Case Study with Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The mating success of female spruce budworms was evaluated using the presence—absence of spermatophore in genitalia. Sampling was conducted in the 1970s in Atlantic Canada at 21 locations/years characterized by high budworm densities. More than 99.8% of in-flight females (captured at light or malaise traps) and migrant females (collected while ascending above tree canopies or in the airspace) were mated, which may reflect physiological constraints restricting flight in gravid females. About 85% of resident females (collected using sweep nets or by fogging trees with insecticide) were mated; mating success was low among young females collected early in the season and increased over time to reach a level similar (98%) to that of females that died from natural causes. These findings highlight the importance of unbiased estimates of mating success to evaluate the efficacy of mating disruption and the role of mate-encounter Allee effects on population dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".