Deformation and solidification process of a super–cooled droplet impacting on the substrate under plasma spraying conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
To date, many modelling efforts related to the deformation and solidication processes of a droplet impacting on the substrate under plasma spraying conditions have been reported. However, to the authors’ knowledge, no modelling effort has dealt with the super-cooling effects on the deformation and solidification processes, though much evidence of super-coolingeffects has been reported. In this paper, we will show the first results derived from our recent modelling efforts for thecase of Al2O3 droplets, which clearly show the strong effects of the super-cooling conditions on the deformation and solidification processes. For example, we predict a significant decrease in deformation degree — defined as the ratio of droplet to splat diameters — to less than 2.0, and also a faster solidification front velocity of up to 5 m/s. Although the small deformation degree is clearly caused by the larger value of viscosity under super-cooled conditions, therapid solidification is eventually caused by the super-cooling. The model did not predict a dendritic growth, but it clearly suggested that plasma sprayed particles are not all but may be actually in super-cooled state, and any modelling efforts should include the super-cooling effects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it