Bilateral Neuromuscular Plasticity Associated With Unilateral Resistance Training Of The Ankle Dorsiflexor Muscles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the early weeks of high-intensity resistance training (RT), strength gains are attributed to plasticity within the nervous system. Unilateral RT causes adaptation in both the trained and untrained limb, i.e. a muscular crossed effect. H-reflex amplitude has been shown to increase only in the trained plantarflexor (SOL) muscle despite comparable changes in strength bilaterally. However, it is unknown whether similar changes occur in the functional antagonist of the SOL, the tibialis anterior (TA). Also, following RT it is unknown whether reduced reflex activity in the functional antagonist muscle contributes to strength gains in the agonist muscle in either limb. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of high-intensity unilateral ankle flexor (TA) RT on agonist and antagonist (SOL) muscular strength and H-reflex response in the trained and untrained limbs. METHODS: Ankle flexor torque and SOL and TA H-reflex responses were observed before and after 5wks of unilateral dorsiflexion RT, and compared to controls. During data collection, bilateral H-reflexes were evoked via stimulation delivered to either the tibial (SOL) or CP nerves (TA). EMG recordings were taken from the SOL, TA, VL, PD and AD muscles. In TA and SOL H-reflex measurements were taken from recruitment curves and included modulation of 50% Hmax and Hmax. RESULTS: Following RT, TA force was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in both the trained and untrained limb by 14 and 8%, respectively, without concomitant changes in H-reflex amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: These results further extend evidence of muscular crossed effects to the ankle dorsiflexor muscles. This is also the first work to quantitatively measure spinal reflex activity in a muscle functionally antagonist to a RT movement, and the relative size of any resulting reflex modulation is unknown. Thus, H-reflex may not be a sensitive enough measure to detect subtle changes in TA / SOL spinal excitability following ankle flexor RT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".