A new standard pupation shelter for sampling pupae and estimating mortality of the hemlock looper (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A new standard pupation shelter for sampling hemlock looper (Lambdina fiscellaria) pupae is described and compared with the burlap band method developed by Otvos (1974; The Canadian Entomologist106: 329–31). The new pupation shelter is placed on the bole, at breast height or in the crown, to estimate population abundance and mortality. The utilization of two shelters at breast height was as efficient as the use of burlap bands to estimate hemlock looper abundance and more efficient for sampling braconid cocoons. It provided reliable estimates of braconid and tachinid parasitism but overestimated that by ichneumonids. This new pupation shelter is an inexpensive tool that can be used easily by nonspecialized personnel, thus allowing increases in the number of sample plots, which is necessary to improve detection of outbreaks of the hemlock looper. This new shelter could be used to sample other lepidopterans whose late-instar larvae aggregate in concealed pupation sites.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".