Floral Morphology of<i>Apuleia leiocarpa</i>(Dialiinae: Leguminosae), an Unusual Andromonoecious Legume
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J. F. Macbr. is a South American tree species belonging to the caesalpinioid subfamily of the Leguminosae. Phylogenetic analyses have placed Apuleia into the Dialiinae s.l. clade, with which it shares numerous morphological similarities, including dichasial cymose inflorescences. The genus has also been reported to be andromonoecious, a trait not seen elsewhere in its clade and only infrequently in the Caesalpinioideae. Scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy were used to investigate the floral morphology of A. leiocarpa. It was found that while hermaphrodite flowers produced a single carpel and two stamens, staminate flowers developed three stamens but showed no signs of any carpel development. The third stamen fills the volume of the missing carpel within the bud as it grows. Inflorescences also appear to produce approximately four times as many staminate as hermaphrodite flowers. Both this high male-to-bisexual ratio and the early determination of gender seen in Apuleia are rare in the Caesalpinioideae and suggest that andromonoecy developed in this genus as a means to increase pollen dispersal rather than in response to resource limitations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".