Chorionic Gonadotropin Down-Regulates the Expression of the Decoy Inhibitory Interleukin 1 Receptor Type II in Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Secretion of embryonic IL-1beta seems to be the first response of the blastocyst to receptive endometrium, inducing molecular changes that are essential for attachment of the blastocyst. Here, we report that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone that plays a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy, markedly down-regulates the expression of the decoy inhibitory IL-1 receptor type II (IL-1R2) in human endometrial epithelial cells. Treatment with hCG resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in IL-1R2 soluble and membrane bound protein forms and mRNA steady-state levels, whereas no significant effect on the expression of the activating IL-1 receptor type I (IL-1R1) was seen. Cell infection with the wild-type human LH/chorionic gonadotropin receptor corroborated the aforementioned data, whereas cell infection with the constitutively activated LH chorionic gonadotropin receptor led to similar effects on IL-1R2 and IL-1R1 expression without hCG treatment. Cloning of human IL-1R2 gene promoter in the pGL3 luciferase reporter vector and transient transfection experiments further showed a significant dose-dependent diminution of IL-1R2 promoter activity in response to hCG. These data suggest that hCG, by down-regulating the expression of IL-1R2, a potent and specific inhibitor of IL-1, without affecting the expression of the functional activating IL-1R1, diminishes the ability of endometrial epithelial cells to counterbalance the local effects of IL-1, making these cells probably more responsive to the cytokine. In view of IL-1's role as an embryonic signal, these data reveal a new mechanism by which hCG sustains human pregnancy and promotes embryonic growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".