Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates endozepine release from cultured rat astrocytes via a PKA‐dependent mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Astroglial cells synthesize and release endozepines, neuropeptides that are related to the octadecaneuropeptide ODN. Glial cells also express PACAP/VIP receptors. We have investigated the possible effect of PACAP on the release of ODN‐like immunoreactivity (ODN‐LI) by cultured rat astrocytes. Administration of PACAP27 and PACAP38 induced a concentration‐dependent increase in secretion of ODN‐LI whereas VIP was ~1000‐fold less potent. The maximum effect of PACAP38 occurred after 5 min, then gradually declined during the next 10 min. The stimulatory effects of PACAP and VIP were abrogated by the PACAP antagonist PACAP6–38. PACAP38 stimulated cAMP formation, activated polyphosphoinositide turnover, and provoked calcium mobilization from IP 3 ‐sensitive pools. The PKA inhibitor H89 suppressed PACAP‐induced secretion of ODN‐LI, whereas PLC inhibitor U73122 and the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine had no effect. In contrast, U73122 restored the stimulatory action of PACAP on ODN‐LI release and cAMP formation during prolonged (15 min) incubation with the peptide, and this effect was prevented by PMA. The present results demonstrate that PACAP stimulates endozepine release through activation of PAC1 receptors coupled to the AC/PKA pathway. Our data also show that activation of the PLC/PKC pathway down‐regulates the effect of PACAP on endozepine release.—Masmoudi, O., Gandolfo, P., Leprince, J., Vaudry, D., Fournier, A., Patte‐Mensah, C., Vaudry, H., Tonon, M.‐C. Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) stimulates endozepine release from cultured rat astrocytes via a PKA‐dependent mechanism. FASEB J. 17, 17–27 (2003)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".