Effect of Andrographolide on Monkey Hepatocytes against Galactosamine Induced Cell Toxicity : An In-Vitro Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Andrographolide, the active constituent, isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata showed concentration dependent (1-100 microg/mL) activity against galactosamine (GALN 400 microg/mL) induced acute injury in isolated monkey hepatocytes, following 48 hours of the incubation at 370 C. The effect of andrographolide was measured on viability (trypan blue exclusion and oxygen uptake tests), biochemical marker enzymes - aspartate amino transaminase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AlP) and bile contents (bile salts and bile acids). It significantly increased the percent viability of cells and was capable of preserving 90-100% cell integrity. The cellular leakage of enzymes and bile contents following incubation with GALN was significantly modulated by andrographolide treatment. Its activity was found superior to that of silymarin, a standard hepatoprotective compound, tested simultaneously for comparison. The findings also emphasize the possible use of an in-vitro primary cell culture system as an alternative to in-vivo, in the early stage of drug discovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".