Deformation at the Leventina-Simano nappe boundary, Central Alps, Switzerland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the Leventina valley of southern Switzerland a mylonite zone marks the boundary between Leventina and Simano nappe. Quartz textures and deformation microstructures are used to obtain information about the deformation conditions and kinematics in the mylonite zone. The c-axis patterns give evidence for a non-coaxial finite strain with a high scatter of the constructed shear directions. During texture formation the temperature conditions were in the range of 400–630°C. Structural elements observed in the Leventina-Simano nappe boundary area are integrated into the well-established regional deformation history of the Lepontine dome. On the basis of the kinematics and metamorphic conditions, the last non-brittle increment of the progressive deformation that caused the crystallographic preferred orientation in the quartz tectonites is assigned to the late second to third regional deformation phase. Under brittle to brittle-plastic conditions the mylonite zone was reactivated with a top-to-the-WNW shearing direction. This reactivation is possibly kinematically connected to other major orogen-parallel oriented extensional structures formed in the Miocene, like the Simplon and the Brenner shear zone and fault. Apatite fission track ages (~3.7–10 Ma) across the nappe boundary are similar to the regional data range, but show a negative age-altitude trend. The fission track data combined with structural and kinematic data indicate that there was no considerable amount of vertical displacement along the Leventina- Simano nappe boundary during or after Mid-Miocene. For the negative age-elevation relationship, interplay between exhumation and landscape evolution is suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".