Comparative<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mtext>SR</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>investigation of static magnetic order and anisotropy of the pure and Pb-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Bi</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Sr</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Co</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>layered cobalt dioxides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The magnetism of pure and Pb-doped ${\text{Bi}}_{2}{\text{Sr}}_{2}{\text{Co}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{y}$ (BSCO) crystals has been investigated with positive muon-spin rotation and relaxation $({\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR})$ spectroscopy. The entire volume of both materials enters into a magnetic state at low temperatures, occurring below 4.7 K for Pb-doped BSCO and below 1.0 K for pristine BSCO. By combining ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\text{SR}$ and susceptibility measurements, it is clarified that Pb-doped BSCO is a ferromagnet with a Curie temperature $({T}_{C})$ of 4.7 K and its ordered internal magnetic field $({H}_{\text{int}})$ is almost parallel to the $c$ axis. Since the relationship between the reduced $T$ and reduced ${H}_{\text{int}}$ for Pb-doped BSCO is very similar to that for BSCO, the origin of the magnetic transition in both crystals is thought to be explained by common physics. Interestingly, we also detect the existence of a magnetic anomaly far above ${T}_{\text{C}}$. This occurs at $\ensuremath{\approx}60\text{ }\text{K}$, coinciding with the metal-to-insulator transition that was observed for both materials by resistivity measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.666 | 0.509 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".