Downstream migration in Atlantic salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) smolt sibling groups
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have shown kin recognition abilities in salmonid fish. Some authors have suggested that the attraction of juvenile fish to siblings may indicate preference for shoaling with kin. The aim of the present study is to test the prerequisite for the hypothesis that siblings swim spatially closer than unrelated fish during their seaward migration as smolts. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) eggs from three families were each reared in two tanks to create familiar and unfamiliar sibling smolts. Before the experiment started they were tagged individually withpassive integrated transponders (PITs). Twelve individuals from each of six groups were mixed and released together at several occasions in the upper end of the 400-m-long experimental stream. An automatic PIT-monitoring system placed in the outlet recorded the time for passage of each individual leaving the stream. Eighty-five percent of the juveniles monitored by the PIT antenna showed downstream migration at night hours and they migrated significantly more often closer in time to both known and unknown siblings than to unrelated fish. The results suggest that there is a genetic component in the migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon smolts and support the hypothesis that smolts migrate in kin-structured groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".