Laminar‐turbulent transition for low Reynolds number mixed convection in a uniformly heated vertical tube
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Upward mixed convection flow of air in a uniformly heated vertical tube was studied numerically using the three‐dimensional elliptic conservation equations and the Launder and Sharma low Reynolds number k–ε turbulence model. For Re=1,000 the fully developed flow field undergoes two transitions as the Grashof number increases: thus, this flow field is laminar for Gr<8×106, turbulent for 8×106 7 and again laminar for Gr>5×107. In the entry region, turbulent kinetic energy decays monotonically for Gr≤3×106 and Gr≥7.1×107. For Gr between these two values it initially increases from the imposed inlet condition and then decreases towards its calculated fully developed value. The mean velocity profiles as well as the axial evolution of the skin friction coefficient are presented for representative values of Gr.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".