Neonatal immune challenge exacerbates experimental colitis in adult rats: potential role for TNF-α
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early life events and childhood infections have been associated with the development and onset of inflammatory bowel disease in adulthood. However, the consequences of neonatal infection in the development and severity of colitis are not established. We investigated the effects of a neonatal (postnatal day 14) or juvenile (postnatal day 28) immune challenge with LPS on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced damage and weight loss, as well as on food intake and body temperature in adult rats. Neonatally (n)LPS-treated rats developed more severe colitis than control animals, reflected in a greater loss of weight and a significantly increased macroscopic tissue damage score. These findings were associated with a hypothermic response after TNBS treatment in nLPS rats, but not in neonatally saline-treated rats receiving TNBS. These differences were not seen after TNBS in rats that had received LPS on postnatal day 28. Plasma corticosterone was measured as an index of adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation as was TNF-alpha, a proinflammatory cytokine associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Four days after TNBS treatment, plasma corticosterone was unaltered in all groups; however, TNF-alpha was significantly increased in adult TNBS-treated rats that had LPS as neonates compared with all other groups. In conclusion, neonatal, but not later, exposure to LPS produces long-term exacerbations in the development of colitis in adults. This change is independent of HPA axis activation 4 days after TNBS treatment but is associated with increased circulating TNF-alpha, suggestive of an exaggerated immune response in adults exposed to neonatal infection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".