The presence of the male facilitates parturition in California mice (<i>Peromyscus californicus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The California mouse (Peromyscus californicus) is a monogamous species with biparental care. The present study investigated the behaviour of the male during parturition and compared the behaviour of females that gave birth when in malefemale pairs with that of females whose mate was removed 2 days prior to the expected birth date and thus gave birth alone. Parturitions were videotaped and the behaviour of each mouse was analyzed during parturition and during the 15 min before and 15 min after parturition. The results showed that males licked the anogenital region of the female, ate the placenta, and exhibited parental care as soon as the pups were born. Females in pairs received more body grooming and anogenital stimulation during parturition than females alone, owing to the additional licking received from their mate. In addition, pups born with the father present received more licking during and after parturition than pups born to females housed alone. Removal of the male near the end of the gestation period delayed parturition by 1 day. These results show that male California mice participate in the birth process by assisting the female and caring for pups, and that the presence of the male during the gestation period may facilitate parturition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".