LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF RHODIUM(III) FROM OTHER PLATINUM GROUP METALS WITH CYANEX 925
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction of platinum group metals Rh(III), Pt(IV), and Pd(II) was carried out from aqueous chloride media with Cyanex 925 in the absence and presence of tin (II) chloride. In the absence of tin (II) chloride, the order of extraction was found to be Pd > Pt > Rh. However, in the presence of tin (II) chloride, it changed to Pt > Rh and is negligible in the case of palladium. The extraction of rhodium was studied under the influence of variables such as hydrochloric acid, reagent, and tin (II) chloride concentrations; equilibration time; and effect of diverse ions. The separation of Rhodium (III) from Pt(IV) and Pd(II) was enabled because of differences in their extraction and stripping abilities when Cyanex 925 is used.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".