Demographic differences among populations of Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica) in intact and fragmented sites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is a leading cause of reptile declines worldwide. We examined demographic differences between populations of Northern Map Turtles, Graptemys geographica (Le Sueur, 1817), inhabiting intact and fragmented sites along the Trent–Severn Waterway (TSW) in Ontario over two field seasons. We examined population densities, sex ratios, body size, and growth rates in two control sites and two fragmented sites (where the waterway is disrupted by dams). We predicted that population density would be higher in control sites, and that sex ratios would differ among sites. Abundance was greater than expected, but densities could not be compared owing to a lack of recaptures. Sex ratios in control sites were slightly male-biased and were significantly female-biased in fragmented sites. Turtles in fragmented habitats were significantly smaller than those in control habitats. Estimated growth rates of juveniles and males were significantly reduced in fragmented populations compared with controls. We hypothesize that habitat alterations in fragmented sites are differentially affecting demographic classes because of the intersexual niche divergence observed in Map Turtles. We emphasize the need for further research to examine the interactions between habitat alteration and invasive species and the effects they are having on Northern Map Turtle populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".