Application of strontium isotope abundance ratios measured by MC-ICP-MS for food authentication
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Naturally occurring isotopes of such elements as strontium (Sr) have proved to be good tools for detecting trends in the soil-vegetation system and the tracing of a variety of objects. Multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) has been used for the precise determination of variations in the isotopic composition of Sr. The method described has been applied to the establishment of the potential and limits to determine the geographical origins of different Emmental-type cheese samples. The sample preparation consists of (i) a freeze-drying procedure to remove water, (ii) an extraction step to eliminate the fat components and to obtain the cheese casein fraction, (iii) a thermal decomposition of the latter, and (iv) a chromatographic matrix separation of the redissolved residue. The determination of the isotope abundance ratios 88Sr/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr and 84Sr/86Sr resulted in precisions of 0.002–0.01%. Simultaneously, the ion currents for krypton (83Kr, 82Kr) and rubidium (85Rb) were measured to correct for interferences with the Sr isotopes 84, 86 and 87. These and further (argide) spectral interferences causing bias effects to the Sr isotope abundance ratios have been investigated and an adequate computational correction procedure has been assessed. The whole set of validation data has been used for the calculation of the combined standard measurement uncertainty of the isotopic abundance ratio, resulting in a value of 0.016%. Comparison of the measured 87Sr/86Sr data with thermal ionisation mass spectrometric (TIMS) results, determined on the same cheese samples, agreed within the stated measurement uncertainties, thus indicating that both the validation of the sample preparation procedures and the mass spectrometric measurements cause no evident bias effect with respect to the Sr isotope abundance values. The 87Sr/86Sr isotope abundance ratios in cheese originating from different regions (alpine, pre-alpine, Bretagne, Finland, Canada, Australia) accorded to local geological properties. No difference was found between “casein-bound” and “whole-cheese” Sr isotope abundance ratios within the stated measurement uncertainties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it