Ionization Characteristics and Structural Transitions of Alternating Maleic Acid Copolymer Films
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alternating maleic acid copolymers dissolved in aqueous solutions exhibit characteristic two-step dissociation profiles and pH-induced structural transitions in dependence on the comonomer unit. In extension of these findings, we analyzed a set of thin films of maleic acid copolymers (poly(octadecene- alt -maleic acid), POMA; poly(propylene- alt -maleic acid), PPMA; poly(styrene- alt -maleic acid), PSMA) randomly attached to planar glass surfaces by covalent binding. Streaming potential/streaming current measurements with a microslit electrokinetic setup (MES) were applied to determine zeta potential (ζ) and surface conductivity ( K σ ) data of the polymer layers in aqueous solutions of varied pH. The results confirmed the two-step dissociation behavior for all immobilized copolymers. A dramatic increase of K σ was observed for PPMA and PSMA but not for POMA layers at alkaline pH values, indicating that electrostatic repulsion of ionized groups controls the extension of the confined layers as long as hydrophobic interactions between the comonomers do not inhibit this effect. The isoelectric points (IEPs) show that for PPMA and PSMA layers the acidic functions dominate the interfacial charging and exhibit an enhanced acidity which can be explained by hydrogen bonds between the anion formed in the first dissociation and the proton of the adjacent undissociated group. In contrast, the layered POMA exhibits significantly less acidic IEP values due to the large comonomer. Hysteresis effects of the ζ versus pH profiles were observed for dissociation and association of the copolymers. This was explained by the reduced dynamics of structural transitions in the immobilized layers as compared to the dissolved molecules.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it