An In Situ Study of the Electrochemical Reaction of Li with Amorphous∕Nanostructured Cu6Sn5 + C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The reaction of lithium with a nanostructured Cu 6 Sn 5 + C alloy having approximate composition Sn 27 Cu 31 C 42 was studied using in-situ x-ray diffraction (XRD) and 119 Sn Mössbauer effect spectroscopy. Lithiation of the Cu 6 Sn 5 + C was found to occur with the formation of an amorphous/nanostructured Li x CuSn-like phase where x increases with decreasing voltage. The formation of amorphous/nanostructured grains of Li 4.4 Sn and/or Li 2 CuSn-like phases contained in a disordered partially lithiated carbon matrix was found at the bottom of discharge. The expulsion of copper from the Li x CuSn-like phase(s) to form nanostructured Li 4.4 Sn is difficult to detect in the present measurements. No crystalline components were found during lithiation and delithiation of the electrode material. The smooth sloping discharge curve during the lithiation of Sn in the amorphous/nanostructured material has resemblance to those previously seen in amorphous Sn 30 Co 30 C 40 and amorphous Sn-Si mixtures. Hyperfine parameters found in the present work at given voltages closely resemble those found in the literature for bulk Cu 6 Sn 5.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".