Radiation Effects on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical Cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are being studied for tritium separation applications involving electrochemical processes. The effects of γ- and β-radiation on Nafion 112 membrane are discussed in this paper. The fluoride and sulfate release from Nafion 112 membrane increases with increase in γ-dose. Oxygen promotes the total organic carbon (TOC) release while hydrogen suppresses sulfur release. A β-radiation dose of 200 kGy from tritium causes minor damage to the membrane, comparable to the effect of γ-radiation at similar dose. The FTIR spectrum of tritium-exposed membranes is similar to that of the reference samples except for a weak peak of C=O stretch observed at 1740 cm -1 . The conductivity and electrochemical performance of the tritium-exposed and reference membrane samples are not significantly different during the fuel cell and water electrolysis tests. It is believed that β-radiation is likely to attack the carbon chain in Nafion 112 membrane.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".