Effect of nonzero chain diameter on “DNA” condensation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a simple model to investigate the effect of chain diameter on multivalent-counterion-induced attractions between two charged chains. In our minimal model, the chains are rigid rods of diameter D with a uniform charge density on the surface, and the counterions are point ions. As a function of the separation between two rods, we find a repulsive barrier in the free energy whose height increases with D. We have also explored the effect of counterion valency Z on the interaction. For parameters characteristic of DNA, we find that a minimum valency of Z=3 is required to produce condensation. We also find that the shape of the potential is fairly insensitive to Z for Z>/=3. These results are consistent with experimental observations of DNA condensation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it