The effects of constant and fluctuating incubation temperatures on sex determination, growth, and performance in the tortoise<i>Gopherus polyphemus</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temperature-dependent sex determination is one of the best documented yet evolutionarily enigmatic sex-determining systems. The classical theoretical framework suggests that temperature-dependent sex determination will be adaptive when males and females benefit differentially from development at certain temperatures. Empirical evidence has not provided convincing support for this "differential-fitness" hypothesis. Furthermore, since most experiments utilize constant temperature incubation treatments to explore phenotypic response to temperature, few studies have addressed the consequences of incubation under natural conditions. In this study I utilized constant-temperature laboratory incubations and natural-nest incubations to determine the effects of temperature on sex, size, growth, and locomotor performance in the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus. Constant-temperature incubations do induce substantial growth and performance variation in these tortoises. However, the data do not clearly support the differential-fitness hypothesis because (i) growth variation does not result in adult size dimorphism, (ii) performance differences are confined to a very short period after hatching, and (iii) natural incubation temperatures do not vary sufficiently to produce significant phenotypic variation in traits other than sex.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it