Functional characterization of human variants of NFKBIA: a key regulator of immune responsiveness implicated in susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
IkBα is an important regulator of inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3138053, rs2233406 and rs2233409 in the promoter of the gene NFKBIA, which encodes for IkBα, have been shown to be associated with a variety of infectious and inflammatory conditions. In this study, we investigated the functional impact of the promoter variants of NFKBIA on human immune responsiveness. Using a coding SNP that was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with NFKBIA SNPs rs3138053/rs2233406/rs2233409, we designed and validated an allele-specific PCR assay that could detect subtle differences in allele ratios between the major (ACC) and minor (GTT) promoter variants of SNPs rs3138053/rs2233406/rs2233409. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of homozygous (ACC/ACC) and heterozygous (ACC/GTT) individuals were stimulated with 100ng/ml LPS and live cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae (moi 7.8-30) serotype 14 for 3 and 4 hours. PBMCs of neonatal NFKBIA homozygotes and heterozygotes were stimulated with various Toll-like-receptor (TLR) ligands of the innate immunity cascade to assay for differences in the innate immune response. NFKBIA heterozygotes of European descent displayed 1.21 (1.14-1.27 95% CI)-1.26 (1.18-1.34 95% CI) fold higher expression of the major allele transcript (ACC) relative to the minor allele transcript (GTT). For the same ethnicity, at 3 hours stimulation, NFKBIA homozygotes (ACC/ACC) produced higher levels of NFKBIA mRNA than heterozygotes following stimulation with LPS (1.4 fold. p=0.0095) and S. pneumoniae (1.51 fold, p=0.024). Higher TNFα secretion was seen from PBMCs of heterozygotes as compared to homozygotes (of European descent) in the presence of LPS (1.57 fold , p<0.05 at a dose of 100ng/ml), Pam3CSK4 (2.29 fold, p<0.01 at a dose of 100ng/ml and 1.91 fold, p<0.05 at a dose of 1000 ng/ml), 3M003 (1.79 fold, p<0.001 at a dose 10μM) and 3M002 (3.30 fold, p<0.001 at a dose of 10μM). The results presented here provide preliminary functional evidence behind the observed associations of these SNPs with infectious and inflammatory conditions. A global understanding of the functional consequences of regulatory polymorphisms of NFKBIA will be provided with subsequent experiments that examine differences between all NFKBIA genotypes (including minor allele homozygotes) for IκBα protein expression and NF-κB translocation in all major ethnic groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".