A new connection: Enhanced hearing ability in the New Zealand bigeye, Pempheris adspersa.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently the bigeye, Pempheris adspersa, has been found to be one of the few sound producing fish found in the temperate marine waters of New Zealand. An initial crude morphological examination of this species found a special connection, analogous to that of the well-defined laterophysic connection, between the otic capsule and the lateral line recess. The aim of the present study was to characterize the hearing ability of the bigeye using auditory evoked potentials, understand the role of this special connection, and describe the morphology of the hearing structures using microCT and MRI techniques. The novel connection consists of a robust ligament directly connecting the otic capsule to the lateral recess, with the swim bladder running directly posterior to the ligament. Pempheris adspersa could hear in the frequency range 100–1000 Hz, with greatest sensitivity between 100–800 Hz. Cutting the connecting ligament resulted in a 15–20 dB threshold shift, with a further 5–10 dB shift after swim bladder puncture. This connection represents a completely novel hearing specialization and shows that the lateral line is directly connected to the otic capsule, enhancing the hearing ability of this species especially at low frequencies (100–200 Hz).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".