Traitement et stabilisation chimique de déchets d’aluminerie contaminés en ions fluoruresArticles envoyés à la Revue du génie et de la science de l'environnement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aluminium plant production wastes are contaminated by fluoride according to TCLP (toxicity characteristics leaching procedure) and Quebec legislation (>150 mg F – /L). Those wastes contain 2–323 g F – /kg. The extraction of fluoride by acid leaching (H 2 SO 4 , pH 1.5) at total solids content between 1% and 16% allows the removal of approximately 33% of F – but does not respect the TCLP regulation. However, the chemical stabilization of aluminium wastes by use of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) at a concentration varying from 10 to 12 g/L in the suspension of E C (100 g/L) allowed us to record lower concentrations of fluoride ions (110–115 mg F – /L) in the leachate from the TCLP test. The subsequent treatment of the dehydration filtrate of stabilized residues by decreasing the pH from the initial value (pH 11.9 or 12.0) to pH values between 7.0 and 8.5 by addition of an inorganic acid (H 2 SO 4 , 10 mol/L) removed up to 98% of fluoride ions by precipitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".