Influence of Liquid Manure on Soil Denitrifier Abundance, Denitrification, and Nitrous Oxide Emissions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of liquid dairy and swine manure, soil water‐extractable C (WEC) and glucose on the amount of denitrification, the N 2 O molar ratio [N 2 O/(N 2 O + N 2 )], and the abundance of soil denitrifiers was investigated using repacked soil cores. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the abundance of the total bacteria (16S rRNA gene), two denitrifier guilds bearing the cnorB gene, and nosZ gene communities. The availability of both C and N oxides influenced the amount of denitrification and the N 2 O molar ratio for simple (glucose) and complex (liquid manure and WEC) C sources. A positive relationship ( R 2 = 0.77) was measured between respiration (cumulative CO 2 emissions) and total denitrification. A negative relationship ( R 2 = 0.70) was found between respiration and the N 2 O molar ratio, demonstrating that C availability in soil promotes the reduction of N 2 O to N 2 The abundance of the 16S rRNA and cnorB B ( Bosea/Bradyrhizobium/Ensifer spp.) gene bearing bacteria was not significantly affected by the addition of C. The abundance of cnorB P ( Pseudomonas mandelii and related species) gene bearing bacteria increased in response to glucose and manure addition, but only when also amended with NO 3 − Significant positive correlations were found between the abundance of the cnorB P gene bearing bacteria and respiration. The nosZ gene bearing bacteria significantly increased only in soil amended with liquid manures. No significant relationships were found between the abundance of denitrifiers and total denitrification, N 2 O emissions, or the N 2 O molar ratio. Changes in denitrifier community abundance appeared to reflect changes in C substrate availability and were uncoupled to denitrification activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".